Historians often think of Russia before the 1860s in terms of conservative stasis, when the "gendarme of Europe" secured order beyond the country's borders and

Reveals how people transformed their experiences of financial crisis into a single event that would serve as a turning point in American history.

Description of the critical half-century that determined the American national character.

The first president born after America's independence ushers in a new era of no-holds-barred democracy The first "professional politician" to become president,