Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use

Climate and Land Use Impacts on Natural and Artificial Systems: Mitigation and Adaptation provides in-depth information on the linkages between climate change a

Basic elements - Adaptive agents - Echoing emergence - Simulating echo - Toward theory.

Biological evolution is a fact—but the many conflicting theories of evolution remain controversial even today. When Adaptation and Natural Selection was first

This book is a collection of essays exploring adaptive systems from many perspectives, ranging from computational applications to models of adaptation in living