In 1943, Lebanon gained its formal political independence from France; only after two more decades did the country finally establish a national central bank. In

Germany's Sparkassen are publicly held savings banks. No other advanced industrial economy relies as heavily on such small, publicly-owned financial institution

Why stable banking systems are so rare Why are banking systems unstable in so many countries—but not in others? The United States has had twelve systemic bank

From its creation in 1949 until the 1960s, the Central Bank of the Philippines dominated industrial policy by means of exchange controls, becoming a symbol of n

Tucker presents guiding principles for ensuring that central bankers and other unelected policymakers remain stewards of the common good.