This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which

Birth rates are falling and fertility rates are well below replacement levels. At the same time, the economic crisis has forced governments to scale back public

In many developed countries, population decline poses economic and social strains and may even threaten national security. Through historical-political case stu

As the most populous country in the world, China’s demographic challenges have always been too many people for ecological system, resources, and the environme