After four centuries of bondage, the nineteenth century marked the long-awaited release of millions of black slaves. Subsequently, these former slaves attempted

In this prize-winning book Thomas Holt is concerned not only with the identities of the black politicians who gained power in South Carolina during Reconstructi

Tracing the first two decades of state-funded African American schools, Educational Reconstruction addresses the ways in which black Richmonders, black Mobilian

A technicolor history of the first civil rights movement and its collapse into black and white. Brutal slavery existed all over the New World, but only America

Chronological anthology of 38 essays that demonstrate the long and complex intellectual history of racism as an idea and show how powerful groups have utilized