The volume and complexity of information, together with the number of abstraction levels and the size of data and knowledge bases, grow continually. Data origin

The amount and complexity of information is continually growing, and information modeling and knowledge bases have become important contributors to technology a

With the world facing increasingly serious global climate change and resource scarcity issues, ecology and the environment have received much attention in recen

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming an inescapable part of modern life, and the fact that AI technologies and applications will inevitably bring ab