These new essays examine one of the major developments of the central Middle Ages: the emergence of a celibate clergy. Drawing on the work of historians and sch

The Ayyubid and Mamluk periods were two of the most intellectually vibrant in Islamic history. Megan H. Reid's book, which traverses three centuries from 1170 t

The term Niddah means separation. During her menstrual flow and for several days thereafter, a Jewish woman is considered Niddah -- separate from her husband an

In the urban communities of medieval Germany and northern France, the beliefs, observances, and practices of Jews allowed them to create and define their commun

The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe provides a comprehensive overview of the gender rules encountered in Europe in the period between app