Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry

Download or read book Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry written by Nadja Wulff and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In organic chemistry the simultaneous solubility of hydrophobic and hydrophilic reactants in a common solvent is an ubiquitous problem. Often either an expensive or a toxic solvent is needed. Alternatively, polar and non polar components are mixed into macroemulsions permitting them to react across the internal interface. However, macroemulsions display a comparatively small interfacial area. Thus, the reaction rate is low. Microemulsions feature an inherent vast interfacial area which facilitates significantly higher reaction rates. Furthermore, they allow a rather simple monitoring of the reaction kinetics by observing changes in the phase behavior. In this work the advantages of microemulsions as efficient reaction media for the photochemically induced Paternò Büchi reaction of pyruvic acid and 1 octene are elucidated. The amphiphilic reaction product 3 hexyl 2 methyloxetane 2 carboxylic acid influences the phase behavior of the microemulsion system significantly. With increasing UV exposure time the point of highest efficiency was shifted to lower temperatures and, interestingly, an increase of efficiency was detected. Hence, the newly created amphiphile acts as an efficient, hydrophobic cosurfactant. Additionally, with small angle neutron scattering and freeze fracture electron microscopy it was shown that the bicontinuous microstructure survives the UV irradiation. Another route towards green organic chemistry was opened by characterization of two new sustainable biosurfactants (mannosylerythritollipids (MEL) and cellobioselipids (CL)) in microemulsions.