States invariably justify using force extraterritorially by reference to their right of self-defence. In doing so, they accept that the exercise of this right i

Necessity is a notoriously dangerous and slippery concept-dangerous because it contemplates virtually unrestrained killing in warfare and slippery when used in

Berenika Drazewska’s book offers a comprehensive scholarly analysis of the current meaning of military necessity in the international legal framework for the

There are legal limits on the circumstances under which states may use military force to address a perceived or actual threat. The concepts of necessity and pro