Between World War I and World War II, African Americans' quest for civil rights took on a more aggressive character as a new group of black activists challenged

"A valuable window into a long-underreported dimension of African American history."—Newsday An engaging social history that reveals the critical role Pullman

Revisits the arguments supporting separate black statehood from the mid-nineteenth century to the present.

North of the Color Line examines life in Canada for the estimated 5,000 blacks, both African Americans and West Indians, who immigrated to Canada after the end