This work offers a highly useful, well developed reference on Markov processes, the universal model for random processes and evolutions. The wide range of appli

This classic text offers a clear exposition of modern probability theory.

This text is designed for graduate-level courses in real analysis. Real Analysis, 4th Edition, covers the basic material that every graduate student should know

Markov processes are processes that have limited memory. In particular, their dependence on the past is only through the previous state. They are used to model