Using a neo-Marxian perspective, Benno Engels examines the absence of urban planning in nineteenth-century England. In his analysis of urbanization in England,

In twenty-first-century Britain, scientific advice to government is highly organized, integrated across government departments, and led by a chief scientific ad

In Victorian London, filth was everywhere: horse traffic filled the streets with dung, household rubbish went uncollected, cesspools brimmed with "night soil,"