Oil has played a major role in Venezuela’s economy since the first gusher was discovered along Lake Maracaibo in 1922. As Miguel Tinker Salas demonstrates, oi

"Crude Nation tells the story of how ruinous mismanagement has resulted in the economic implosion of Venezuela, the country with the largest oil reserves in the

This study provides an analytical history of Venezuela's oil industry, its pioneering efforts in heavy oils and the production of orimulsion fuel. It is also a