This handbook provides an empirically rich analysis of referendums in Europe from the end of the Second World War to the present. It addresses a range of perenn

Direct democracy has become an increasingly common feature of European politics with important implications for policy making in the European Union. The no-vote

The referendum has become established as part of the decision-making process in many European countries. Experts from each country survey the historical experie

This accessible study explores the impact of political language and campaigning upon public opinion towards European integration.

In order to assess the impact of referendums on European integration, this study offers a comparative analysis of referendums that have occurred so far. It then