This open access book carefully explores the relationship between social democracy and its working-class electorate in Western Europe. Relying on different indi

This book offers a concise and accessible coverage of the historical background, the organization and policies of the fifteen social democratic parties in the E

There is a developing crisis of social democratic trade unionism in Western Europe; this volume outlines the crisis and examines the emerging alternatives. The

In addition to revising our view of the interwar period and the building of European democracies, this book cuts against the grain of most current theorizing in