This review of eight countries offers innovative schemes that appear to be developing the skills and attitudes necessary for lifelong learning.

In understanding human behavior, psychologists have long been interested in what motivates specific actions. Debates have pitted extrinsic motivators (e.g. rewa

Thomas Kellaghan Educational Research Centre, St. Patrick's College, Dublin, Ireland Daniel L. Stufflebeam The Evaluation Center, Western Michigan University, M

High-stakes public examinations exert a dominant influence in most education systems. They affect both teacher and student behavior, especially at the middle an