Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924 recodified the state’s long-standing racial hierarchy as a more rigid Black-white binary. Then, Virginia officials a

"Explores experiences and strategies of tidewater Virginia Indians, descendants of peoples of the seventeenth-century Algonquian Powhatan chiefdom, in maintaini

Profiles the Crow Indians and discusses how their society has been able to survive for more than a century because of their philosophies.

Outlines the lifestyle of the Indians in Oklahoma and their value system despite the white-man's encroachment of their land and widespread stereotyping.

The struggle for voting rights was not limited to African Americans in the South. American Indians also faced discrimination at the polls and still do today. Th