Ghulām Khalīl’s (d. 275/888) creed is a statement of faith and a guide for determining belief and unbelief. It, moreover, aims to regulate social behaviour.

"This pioneering study casts important new light on key issues in the development of dogmatic instruction in early Islam, as it examines the creed written by th

Ignaz Goldziher wrote his book 'Die Zahiriten' in 1883. The English translation of this standard work on Islamic jurisprudence appeared in 1971. The book has be

Offers an original account of the formation of medieval Sunnism, emphasising Islamic discourses of heresy and orthodoxy.

How widespread was authorship among rulers in the premodern Islamic world? The writings of different types of rulers in different regions and periods are analyz