During the last decade, forest decline has become increasingly apparent. The decline in forest health was often reported to be associated with air pollution. Th

Forest damage, forest decline, forest dieback - not related to biotic agents - is occurring in the Atlantic and Pacific regions. In Europe and Eastern North Ame

In the early 1980s, forest decline became a matter of public and scientific concern when forest stands with Norway spruce (Picea abies [L. ] Karst. ) showed evi