Marine fouling organisms attach permanently to ship hulls and underwater parts of offshore structures. All maritime nations spend millions, even billions of dol

Marine fouling organisms attach permanently to ship hulls and underwater parts of offshore structures. All maritime nations spend millions, even billions of dol

Recent instances of bioinvasion, such as the emergence of the zebra mussel in the American Great Lakes, generated a demand among marine biologists and ecologist

The use of water for industrial purposes is of foremost importance. It is used as a coolant and industrial activities dealing with power generation, steel and i