This book examines the conditions under which the presence and use of militias result in an increase or a decrease in violence against civilians in intra-state

This book describes militias as significant and prevalent actors in today’s international security environment. To separate them from other types of violent n

Evaluates various means of inducing compliance with international humanitarian law by state and non-state actors.

History is filled with wars. We dream the victories and defeats, great and small, and note how they have shaped our world. Wars and social movements have made o

Using original fieldwork, Violent Resistance explains when, where, and how communities form militias to defend themselves in civil wars.