This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of rel

Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that clima

The warming of the Earth has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. Clima

We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and unde

Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two differe